References on marine mammal hunting

This page contains an overview of papers, articles, manuals, documents etc related to whaling and sealing in NAMMCO member countries. Last updated March 2023.

NAMMCO

Manual for the maintenance and use of weaponry and equipment deployed in hunting of baleen whales in NAMMCO member countries – also available in Greenlandic and Norwegian
Instruction manual on pilot whaling – also available in Faroese
Manual on hunting of small cetaceans in Greenland – also available in Greenlandic

FAROE ISLANDS

Scientific articles

Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Zachariassen, M., & Christensen, I. (1996). The northern bottlenose whale in the Faroe Islands, 1584‐1993. Journal of Zoology, 239(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05441.x

Academic articles

Olsen, J. 2006. Hunting activities in the Faroe Islands: how user knowledge is gartered, kept and transmitted among pilot whale hunters in the Faroe Islands. In: Hovelsrud, G.K. and Winsnes, C. (eds). 2006. Users Knowledge. Proceedings from Conference, Reykjavík January 2003: 38-43.

IWC Documents

Anonymous 1993. Comments from Denmark on IWC44/HKW/9, “Humane Killing Aspects of the Pilot Whale Hunt in the Faroe Islands”. IWC Document IWC/45/HK2.

Faroese Home Government 1988. Response from the Danish Government on the Methods used in the Faroese Pilot Whale Hunt, submitted to IWC/40.

Hoydal, K. 1986. Recent Changes to Faroese Legislation on Whaling. IWC Document IWC/38/HKW. www.hval.djoralaeknin.com

Documentaries

The Islands and the Whales (2016) – Mike Day https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=484msY1tmbY

VICE: Inside the Grind: The Fight for Whale Hunting in the Faroe Islands (2015) – Elise Coker and Ed Ou https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=27&v=HYOTkwFhe-w&feature=emb_logo

GREENLAND

Doctoral Thesis / Chapter in books

Born, E.W. 2005. The Walrus in Greenland. Ilinniusiorfik, ISBN 87-7975-221-7. Pp. 80 (Available in Danish and Greenlandic language versions)

Stevenson, M.. G., Madsen A. and Maloney E., editors. 1997. The Anthropology of Community-Based Whaling in Greenland, A Collection of Papers Submitted to the International Whaling Commission. Studies in Whaling No 4, Occasional Publication No 42, Canadian Cicumpolar Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.

Silis, I. 1997. Hvalernes Fjord. Atuakkiorfik, ISBN 87 558 1250 3. Pp. 88

Ting, H. 1990. Encounters with wildlife in Greenland. Atuakkiorfik. ISBN 87 558 0547 7. Pp. 61

Rosing, J. 1986. Havets Enhjørning. Højbjerg Wormianon.

Academic articles

Happynook, K. 2004. Whaling around the world. World Council of Whalers. ISBN 0-9733760-0-7 Pp.74 (Greenland in p. 25 – 34)

Jessen, A. 1992. Modern Inuit Whaling in Greenland.

Dahl, J. (1989). The Integrative and Cultural Role of Hunting and Subsistence in Greenland. Études/Inuit/Studies, 13(1), 23–42. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42869650

Petersen, R. 1987. Communal Aspects of Preparation for Whaling, of the Hunt Itself and of the Ensuing Products.

Reports

Greenland Government 2020. Report on barriers to take the quotas for large whales and possible counter measures

Greenland Government White Paper on Management and Utilization of Seals in Greenland (April 2012) Updated data to: White Paper on Management and Utilization of Seals in Greenland (February 2015)

Greenland Government White Paper on Management and Utilization of Seals in Greenland (April 2012)

(WWC) World Council of Whalers. 1998. Whaling and Whale Use around the World – Greenland. General Assembly Report: p. 21.

Greenland Home Rule. 1988. Arfanniariaaserput – Our Way of Whaling

IWC Documents

Greenland Government 2018. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/66b/WKM&AWI

Greenland Government 2018. White paper on Management and Utilization of Large Whales in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/66/ASW5.

Greenland Government 2016. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/66b/WKM&AWI05

Greenland Government 2015. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/66/ WKM&AWI05. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=3479

Greenland Government 2014. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/65b/ WKM&AWI/07. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=3375

Greenland Government 2013. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/65/WKM&AWI06. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=3504

Greenland Government 2012. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/63/WKM&AWI7. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=8670

Greenland Government 2012. White paper on Management and Utilization of Large Whales in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/64/ASW7.

Greenland Government 2011. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/63/WKM&AWI9. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=8676

Greenland Government 2010. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/62/22

Donovan, G et al. 2010. Report of the Small Working Group on Conservation Factors (from Whales to Edible Products) for the Greenlandic Large Whale Hunt. IWC Document IWC/62/9. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=6241

Greenland Home Rule Government 2009. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/61/WKM&AWI/6

Greenland Home Rule Government 2008. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/60/20

Greenland Home Rule Government 2007. Summary of Activities Related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods (based on Resolution 1999-1). IWC Document IWC/59/WKM&AWI/3

Greenland Home Rule Government 2007. White Paper on Hunting of Large Whales in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/59/ASW8rev.

Greenland Home Rule 2006. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 1999, for the Greenland catch of 2005. IWC Document IWC/58/WKM & AWI3.

Greenland Home Rule 2006. Report on improvements in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/58/WKM & AWI4.

Greenland Home Rule 2006. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods. IWC Document IWC/58/WKM&AWI5.

Greenland Home Rule 2006. Summary of activities related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods. IWC Document IWC/58/WKM & AWI6.

Greenland Home Rule Government 2006. Whale killing methods and associated welfare issues in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/58/WKM & AWI7.

Greenland Home Rule 2005. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 1999. IWC Document IWC/57/WKM & AWI6.

Greenland Home Rule 2005. Report on improvements in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/57/WKM & AW7.

Greenland Home Rule 2005. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods, 2004. IWC Document IWC/57/WKM & AW8.

Greenland Home Rule 2004. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 1999. IWC Document IWC/56/7.

Greenland Home Rule 2004. Report on improvements in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/56/6.

Greenland Home Rule 2004. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods, 2003. IWC Document IWC/56/8.

Greenland Home Rule 2004. Summary of activities related to the Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods. IWC Document IWC/56/5.

Greenland Home Rule 2003. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 1999. IWC Document IWC/55/WK9.

Greenland Home Rule 2003. Report on improvements in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/55/WK10.

Greenland Home Rule 2003. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods, 2002. IWC Document IWC/55/WK11.

Greenland Home Rule 2003. Times to death in the Greelandic minke and fin whale hunt in 2002. IWC Document IWC/55/WK12 rev.

Greenland Home Rule 2002. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 1999. IWC Document IWC/54/WKM & AWI2.

Greenland Home Rule 2002. Report on improvements in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/54/WKM & AWI3.

Greenland Home Rule 2002. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods, 2001. IWC Document IWC/54/WKM & AWI5.

Caulfield, R.A. 2002. Whaling and Sustainability in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/54/AS4. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=6238

Greenland Home Rule 2001. Report on improvements in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/53/WKM & AWI3.

Greenland Home Rule 2001. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods. IWC Document IWC/53/WKM & AWI2.

Greenland Home Rule 2001. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 51/44I. IWC Document IWC/53/WKM & AWI1.

Greenland Home Rule 2000. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods. IWC Document IWC/52/WKM & AWI3.

Greenland Home Rule 2000. A note regarding information encouraged in IWC-resolution 51/44. IWC Document IWC/52/WKM & AWI2.

Greenland Home Rule 2000. Report on improvings in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/52/WKM & AWI4.

Greenland Home Rule 1999. Report on improving in ASW in Greenland. IWC Document IWC/51/WK7.

Greenland Home Rule 1999. Status for Greenland Action Plan on Whale Killing Methods. 1999. IWC Document IWC/51/WK6.

Greenland Home Rule 1999. Efficiency in the Greenlandic Hunt of Minke and Fin whales, 1990-1998. IWC Document IWC/51/WK8.

Greenland Home Rule 1997. New Technologies, New Traditions: Recent Developments in Greenlandic Whaling. IWC Document IWC/49/AS3.

Greenland Home Rule 1995. Comments regarding the Terms of Reference to the second Workshop on Whale Killing Methods. – Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods. IWC Document IWC/47/WK4 rev.

Greenland Home Rule 1994. Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods. IWC Document IWC/46/AS3.

Greenland Home Rule 1993. Greenland Action Plan on Whale Hunting Methods, 1992. IWC Document TC/45/HK3.

Greenland Home Rule 1992. Introduction of the Detonating Grenade Harpoon in Greenland, 1992. IWC Document TC/44/HK1.

Caulfield, R. A. 1991. Qeqartarsuarmi arfanniarneq: Greenland Inuit Whaling in Qeqartarsuaq Kommune, West Greenland. IWC Document TC/43/AS4.

Greenland Home Rule 1991. Designation of Types of Rifles in Greenland. IWC Document TC/43/AS1.

Greenland Home Rule 1991. Introduction of the Detonating Grenade Harpoon in Greenland, 1991. IWC Document TC/43/HK2.

Josefsen, E, Cutter 1990. Hunting of Minke Whale in Qaqortoq (Greenland): Case Study. IWC Document TC/42/SEST5.

Greenland Home Rule 1990. Greenland Licenses for Hunting Minke Whales with Rifles. IWC Document TC/42/HK2.

Greenland Home Rule 1990. Introduction of the Detonating Grenade Harpoon in Greenland on an Experimental Basis. IWC Document TC/42/HK1.

Larsen, S. E. and Hansen, K. G. 1990. Inuit and Whales at Sarfaq (Greenland): Case Study. IWC Document TC/42/SEST4.

Greenland Home Rule 1989. Introduction of the Detonating Grenade Harpoon in Greenland Whaling on an Experimental basis. IWC Document TC/41/HK2.

Greenland Home Rule 1988. Denmark’s Answers to the Remaining Questions stated in Document IWC/39/19 “Report of the Humane Killing Working Group”, Annex 4. IWC Document TC/40/HK3.

Greenland Home Rule 1988. Implementation of the Detonating Grenade Harpoon in Greenland’s Whaling on an Experimental Basis. IWC Document TC/40/HK4.

Greenland Home Rule 1987. Hunting Methods including the Cold/Warm Harpoon Question, IWC Document TC/39/AS2.

Documentaries

Video – 1998. Hvalfangst i Grønland.

Video – 1989. Introduktion om hvalgranat i Greenland.

ICELAND

Reports

Øen E. O. 2015. Killing efficiency in the Icelandic fin whale hunt 2014. Report to the Directorate of Fisheries in Iceland.

Øen E. O. 2015. Killing efficiency in the Icelandic minke whale hunt 2014 and 2015. Report to the Directorate of Fisheries in Iceland.

IWC Documents

Øen E. O. 1987. Progress Report on Penthrite as Detonating Charge for 90 mm Harpoons. IWC Document TC/39/HK4.

Lambertsen, Richard H. and Moore, Michael J. 1983. Behavioral and post mortem observations on fin whales killed with explosive harpoons with preliminary conclusions concerning killing efficiency: report to the International Whaling Commission from the Icelandic Whales research laboratory. IWC Document TC/36/HK3.

Rowsell, Harry C. 1979. Assessment of harpooning as a humane killing method in whales: A report to the International Whaling Commission.

NORWAY

Scientific articles (in chronological order)

Ryeng, K. A., & Larsen, S. E. (2024). The significance of shooting angle in seal shooting. Animal Welfare, 33, e5. https://doi.org/10.1017/awf.2024.8

Bjørge, A., Moan, A., Ryeng, K. A., & Wiig, J. R. (2023). Low anthropogenic mortality of humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) and killer ( Orcinus orca ) whales in Norwegian purse seine fisheries despite frequent entrapments. Marine Mammal Science, 39(2), 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12985

Ryeng, K. A., Lakemeyer, J., Roller, M., Wohlsein, P., & Siebert, U. (2022). Pathological findings in bycaught harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the coast of Northern Norway. Polar Biology, 45(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02970-w

Smith, S. D. G., & Ryeng, K. A. (2022). Developments in the Quantitative Assessment of Welfare Outcomes in Hunted Mammals Subject to Shooting. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 12. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.5914

Ryeng, K., & Larsen, S. (2021). The relative effectiveness of two expanding bullet designs in young harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus): A randomised controlled field study in the Norwegian harp seal hunt. Animal Welfare, 30(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.2.155

Nakamura, G., Ryeng, K. A., Kadowaki, I., Hayashi, R., Nagatsuka, S., Hirose, A., Fujise, Y., & Haug, T. (2018). Comparison of shapes of the white flipper patch between two sub-species of common minke whales. 1. https://doi.org/10.34331/cpops.1.1_15

Øen, E. O., & Knudsen, S. K. (2007). Euthanasia of whales: The effect of .375 and .458 calibre round-nosed full metal jacketed rifle bullets on the central nervous system of the common minke whale. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 9(1), 81-88. https://archive.iwc.int/?r=263

Knudsen S.K. (2005). A review of the criteria used to assess insensibility and death in hunted whales compared to other species. The Veterinary Journal 169: 42-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.02.007

Knudsen, S. K., & Øen, E. O. (2003). Blast-induced neurotrauma in whales. Neuroscience research, 46(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-0102(03)00101-9

Knudsen, S. K., Mørk, S., & Øen, E. O. (2002). A novel method for in situ fixation of whale brains. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 120(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0270(02)00182-6

O’Hara, T. M., Albert, T. F., Oen, E. O., Philo, L. M., George, J. C., & Ingling, A. L. (1999). The role of Eskimo hunters, veterinarians, and other biologists in improving the humane aspects of the subsistence harvest of bowhead whales. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 214(8), 1193–1198.

Øen E.O. 1996. Avlivingsmetoder for store pattedyr. En dyrevernmessig vurdering av de vanligste former for avliving ved eutanasi, slakting, jakt og fangst i Europa. Nor. Vet. Tidsskr. 108, p. 313-321.

Øen, E. O. (1995). A New Penthrite Grenade Compared to the Traditional Black Powder Grenade: Effectiveness in the Alaskan Eskimos’ Hunt for Bowhead Whales. ARCTIC, 48(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1240

Oen E. O. (1995). A Norwegian penthrite grenade for minke whales: hunting trials with prototypes and results from the hunt in 1984, 1985 and 1986. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 36(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547708

Oen E. O. (1995). Description and analysis of the use of cold harpoons in the Norwegian minke whale hunt in the 1981, 1982 and 1983 hunting seasons. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 36(1), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547707

Oen E. O. (1995). High velocity projectiles for killing whales. Hunting trials using 20 mm high velocity projectiles for minke whales in 1982. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 36(1), 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547713

Oen E. O. (1983). Electrical whaling–a review. Nordisk veterinaermedicin, 35(7-9), 319–323.

Oen E. O. (1983). Killing times of minke whales in the Norwegian coastal whaling in the 1981 and 1982 seasons. Nordisk veterinaermedicin, 35(7-9), 314–318.

Proceedings

Øen E.O. 2001. Hunting of whales in Norway in historical perspective. Proceedings of the 32^nd International Congress on the History of Veterinary Medicine, 15-18 August, Oslo.

Doctoral Thesis / Chapter in books

Knudsen S.K. 2004. Assessment of insensibility and death in hunted whales. A study of trauma and its consequences caused by the currently used weapon and ammunition in the Norwegian hunt for minke whales, with special emphasis on the central nervous system. Thesis for the degree of Doctor Medicinae Veterinariae. The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Tromsø. ISBN 82-7725-096-7.

Øen E.O. 1995. Killing Methods for Minke and Bowhead Whales, Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor Medicinae Veterinariae.

Øen E.O. 1990. A Review of Attachment Techniques for Radio Transmitters to Whales. In: Vestergaard, E. (ed.); North Atlantic Studies – Whaling Communities, Vol. 2, Nos 1 & 2, Aarhus Universitet, 82-84.

Academic articles

Øen E.O. 1993. Avliving av strandet Hval. Nor. Vet. Tidsskr. 105, p. 748-749 (og 845-846?).

Reports

Øen E.O. 2015. The Norwegian minke whale hunt 2011 and 2012. Studies on killing efficiency in the hunt. Report to the Directorate of Fisheries in Norway.

IWC Documents

Øen E.O. and Ryeng K.A. 2018. Norwegian Minke Whaling 2016 and 2017. IWC Document IWC/67/ WKMWI/04. Avaliable from: https://archive.iwc.int/pages/search.php?search=!collection29305&bc_from=themes

Øen E.O. and Ryeng K.A. 2016. Norwegian Minke Whaling 2014 and 2015. IWC Document IWC/66/ WKM&WI07. Available from: https://archive.iwc.int/pages/search.php?search=!collection24479&bc_from=themes

Øen E.O. and Ryeng K.A. 2014. Norwegian Minke Whaling 2012 and 2013. IWC Document IWC/65/ WKM&AWI11. Avaliable from: https://archive.iwc.int/pages/search.php?search=!collection29305&bc_from=themes

Øen E.O. 2012. Norwegian Minke Whaling 2011. IWC Document IWC/64/WKM&AWI9. Avaliable from: https://archive.iwc.int/pages/search.php?search=!collection86&bc_from=themes

Knudsen S. K. 2003. Criteria of death in whales. A comparative review. IWC Document IWC/55/WK.

Øen E.O. 2003. Improvements in hunting and killling methods for minke whales in Norway 1981-2003. IWC Document IWC/55/WK17.

Øen E.O. 2002. Norwegian minke whaling in 2001. IWC Document IWC/54/WKM & AWI6.

Øen E.O. 2001. Norwegian minke whaling in 2000. IWC Document IWC/53/WK.

Øen E.O. 2000. Norwegian minke whaling 1999. IWC Document IWC/WKM & AWI1.

Øen E.O. and Mørk S. 1999. Observations of agonal movements, injuries and pathological changes in minke whales after intra-body detonation of penthrite. IWC Document IWC/51/WK10.

Øen E.O. and Walløe L. 1999. Norwegian minke whaling 1996, 1997 and 1998. Whaling activities, inspection routines, new developments and research 1996-99. IWC Document IWC/51/WK9.

Knudsen S.K., Mørk S. and Øen E.O. 1999. A study on methods to assess time to unconsciousness or death in minke whale after penthrite grenade detonation. IWC Document IWC/51/WK12.

Knudsen S.K., Rud H. J. and Øen E.O. 1999. The position of the brain in the minke whale in relation to external features. IWC Document IWC/51/WK13.

Øen E.O. 1999. Improvements in hunting and killing methods for minke whales in Norway. IWC Document IWC/51/WK11.

Øen E.O. 1998. Norwegian minke whaling 1997. IWC Document.

Øen E.O. 1997. Norwegian minke whaling 1996. Rep. IWC Document.

Øen E.O. 1993. Hunting Methods for Minke Whales in Norway. Report from the 1992 Scientific Catch. IWC Document IWC/45/HK 1.

Øen E.O. 1993. Norwegian Penthrite Grenade for Minke Whales: Results from the 1992 Season.

Øen E.O. 1992. A new Penthrite Grenade for the Subsistence Hunt of Bowhead Whales by Alaskan Eskimoes. Developmental Work and Field Trials in 1988. IWC Document IWC/44/HKW6.

Øen E.O. 1992. Norwegian Penthrite Grenade for Minke Whales: Hunting Trials with Prototypes of Penthrite Grenades in 1984 and Results from the 1985 and 1986 Seasons. IWC Document IWC/44/HKW5.

Øen E.O. 1992. The Norwegian Hunt of Minke Whales: A Norwegian Penthrite Grenade for Minke Whaling. Description of the Model and Developmental Work. IWC Document IWC/44/HKW4.

Øen E.O. 1992. The Norwegian Hunt of Minke Whales: Description and Analysis of the Minke Whale Hunt with Cold Harpoons in the 1981, 1982 and 1983 Seasons. IWC Document IWC/44/HKW2.

Øen E.O. 1992. The Norwegian Hunt of Minke Whales: Hunting of Minke Whales with Modified Cold Harpoons in 1983. IWC Document IWC/44/HKW1.

Øen E.O. 1992. The Norwegian Hunt of Minke Whales: Hunting Trials using 20mm High-Velocity Projectiles in 1982. IWC Document IWC/44/HKW3.

Øen E.O. 1990. Trials of Chemical Immobilization of Minke Whales with Etorphine Hydrochloride in 1989. IWC Document SC/42/NHMi16.

Øen E.O. 1990. A new VHF-Transmitter for Minke Whales. IWC Document SC/42/NHMi17.

Øen E.O. 1989. Chemical Immobilization and Marking of Minke Whales. A Report of Field Trials in 1988. IWC Document SC/41/NHMi10.

Øen E.O. 1985. Progress report on research in 1984-85 to develop more humane killing methods in Norwegian whaling. IWC Document IWC/37/19.

Øen E.O. 1984. Progress report on research in 1983-84 to develop more humane killing methods in Norwegian whaling. IWC Document TC/36/HK1.

Øen E.O. 1984. The Use of Drugs in Whaling. IWC Document TC/36/HK2.

Øen E.O. 1983. Progress report on research to develop more humane killing methods in Norwegian whaling. IWC Document TC/35/HK1.

Øen E.O. 1982. Progress Report on Studies to increase the Efficiency of Killing Methods in Norwegian Small-Type Whaling. IWC Document SC/34/010.

Documentaries

Skoglund K. 1997. Documentary film on Norwegian sealing. Polarfangst.